The Wrf-single-moment-microphysics Scheme

In addition to simple and mixed phase schemes in HDC, a more complex scheme with the inclusion of graupel substance being another prognostic variable is developed. The performance of the scheme will be examined against the Purdue Lin A bulk parameterization of cloud particles and precipitation drops that is primarily based on the works of Lin et al. (1983) and Rutledge and Hobbs (1983) has been a core part in representing cloud and precipitation processes in both General Circulation Models and mesoscale models. For the last two decades, they have been successfully applied to the simulation of convective systems. On the other hand, some problems has been reported, for example, producing too much ice crystals in the upper troposphere. Table 1. Major components of the Ice mic ocesses sug